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AI can write essays, generate images, and explain how the physical world works. But explaining how the world works is different from predicting what will happen in a real situation. Imagine a humanoid robot helping with household chores. Its job is to tidy up the...

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a way to train AI to make decisions by learning from experience. Instead of following a fixed set of instructions, an AI tries different actions, observes what happens, and learns which choices lead to better results. Imagine teaching a...

In the 1980s, companies spent billions of dollars on software that promised to capture and reproduce human expertise. Businesses invested heavily in expert systems, governments funded AI initiatives, and specialized hardware was built around the idea that machines...

Artificial intelligence is increasingly moving beyond software environments and into the physical world. Robots need to do more than execute predefined commands. They need to perceive their surroundings, understand instructions, learn from data, make decisions, and...